Certificate Course: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)

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Program Information

All members of the PESI, Inc. planning committee have provided disclosures of financial relationships with ineligible organizations and any relevant non-financial relationships prior to planning content for this activity. None of the committee members had relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies or other potentially biasing relationships to disclose to learners.  For speaker disclosures, please see the faculty biography.

Handouts

Speaker

Meg Danforth, PhD, CBSM Related seminars and products

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Meg Danforth, Ph.D., CBSM, is a licensed psychologist and certified behavioral sleep medicine specialist who provides advanced clinical care to patients with sleep disorders and comorbid medical and mental health issues. She is a clinician and educator at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, NC. As the Director of the Duke Behavioral Sleep Medicine Clinic, she has been helping people sleep better without medication for the past 15 years. She also provides clinical training and supervision to psychology graduate students, interns, and fellows. Dr. Danforth is committed to teaching clinicians from a variety of backgrounds to deliver CBT-I in the settings in which they practice. Her work has been featured in the Associated Press and CBS News.

 

Speaker Disclosures:
Financial: Margaret Danforth is the founder and director of Triangle CBT-I, PLLC. She receives a speaking honorarium and recording royalties from PESI, Inc. She has no relevant financial relationships with ineligible organizations.
Non-financial: Margaret Danforth is a member of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies and the Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine.

Colleen Carney, PhD Related seminars and products

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Colleen E. Carney, PhD, is on faculty in the department of psychology at Toronto Metropolitan University, where they are the director of the sleep and depression laboratory. They are a leading expert in psychological treatments for insomnia, particularly in the context of co-occurring mental health issues. Their work has been featured in The New York Times and they have over 100 publications on insomnia.

Dr. Carney frequently trains students and mental health providers in CBT for Insomnia at invited workshops throughout North America and at international conferneces. Dr. Carney is a passionate advocate for improving the availability of treatment for those with insomnia and other health problems. For more information, please visit www.drcolleen carney.com

Speaker Disclosures:
Financial: Dr. Colleen Carney has employment relationships with Toronto Metropolitan University and Duke University. They receive a grant from the University of Ottawa Brain-Hart Interconnectome, Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Sleep Research Consortium. Dr. Carney receives royalties as a published author. They receive a speaking honorarium and recording royalties from PESI, Inc. Dr. Carney has no relevant financial relationships with ineligible organizations.
Non-financial: Dr. Colleen Carney is a member of the Canadian Association of Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies, the Canadian Psychological Association, the Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT), the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, the Canadian Sleep Society, the Sleep Research Society, and the Canadian Association for Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.

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Program Information

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Objectives

1. Select assessment tools that screen for other sleep disorders and identify insomnia treatment targets as it relates to case conceptualization.
2. Teach clients about the science of sleep and the causes of chronic insomnia for purposes of client psychoeducation.
3. Ascertain key perpetuating factors for chronic insomnia to understand the etiology of chronic insomnia.
4. Collaboratively design a sleep schedule with clients using a sleep diary to improve client’s sleep efficiency and daytime functioning.
5. Combine stimulus control and sleep restriction therapy to address the three major causes of chronic insomnia.
6. Select counter-arousal strategies to target hyper arousal in clients.
7. Modify a client’s distorted beliefs about sleep using cognitive therapy techniques to improve adherence and decrease sleep related anxiety.
8. Explore three models of CBT-I delivery and implementation issues for different practice settings.
9. Select CBT-I treatment components to target perpetuating factors in clients with comorbid insomnia.
10. Use cognitive and behavioral strategies to improve adherence with depressed clients.
11. Modify treatment recommendations for clients who have symptoms of high sleep anxiety.
12. Anticipate and resolve common treatment challenges in clients with PTSD such as sleep avoidance, fear of loss of vigilance and nightmare awakenings.
13. Apply CBT-I techniques to clients with mild traumatic brain injury.
14. Develop strategies to re-associate bed with sleep in clients with chronic pain.
15. Combine CBT-I with a guided hypnotic taper to reduce rebound insomnia and psychological dependence in clients who wish to decrease or discontinue their use of sleep medication.
16. Implement clinical treatment strategies to improve CPAP adherence in clients with co occurring obstructive sleep apnea.
17. Combine behavioral interventions with evidence-based strategies, such as light therapy and strategically-timed melatonin, to “reset the clock” in clients with circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
18. Use imagery rehearsal therapy to improve frequency and intensity of recurrent nightmares in clients with or without PTSD.
19. Practice using advanced case formulation techniques to accurately select combination and order of CBT-I components.

Outline

• Goals of assessment
• Clinical tools for assessing insomnia
• Screen for other sleep disorders
• When to make a referral to a sleep clinic
• Contraindications for CBT-I

• Normal sleep architecture
• Two-process model of sleep: Circadian rhythm and sleep drive
• The arousal system
• What causes chronic insomnia?
• Key perpetuating factors for chronic insomnia
  • Behaviors that interfere with “buildup” of sleep drive
  • Behaviors that interfere with the optimal timing of sleep
  • Conditioned arousal and physiological/cognitive hyperarousal
  • Perpetuating factors and CBT-I

• Stimulus Control (SC): Addressing conditioned arousal
  • Rules for reassociating the bed with sleep
• Sleep Restriction Therapy (SRT): Restoring the sleep drive
  • How to present rationale
  • Calculate time-in-bed prescription
  • Placing the time-in-bed window
  • Identify and overcome potential obstacles to adherence
  • Sleep extension
• Combining SC and SRT
• The myth of sleep hygiene

• Counterarousal strategies: Quieting an active mind
  • Establishing a buffer zone
  • Processing strategies (including constructive worry and rumination strategies)
  • Mindfulness and relaxation therapies
• Cognitive therapy: Identify and change distorted thoughts about sleep
  • Thought Records
  • Behavioral Experiments
  • Socratic Questioning

• Models of Delivery
  • Four session individual therapy format
  • Seven session group therapy format
  • Single session CBT-I
• CBT-I and hypnotic medication
  • Practice guidelines: CBT-I as first line treatment for chronic insomnia
  • Combining CBT-I with sleep medication
    • Positive and negative effects of sleep medications
    • Use of ineffective sleep medications
    • Promote noncontingent use of sleep medication
    • Strategies to support hypnotic discontinuation

• CBT-I and MDD
  • Troubleshooting adherence in depressed patients
    • Anhedonia
    • Sleep or bed as avoidance
    • Fatigue and fatigue management strategies
    • Rumination in depression
  • Case examples
  • Sleep and antidepressants

• Sleep effort: Core target of CBT-I
  • Covert manifestations of sleep effort
  • Cognitive restructuring of sleep anxiety
  • Paradoxical Intention
• Troubleshooting adherence with anxious clients
  • When SRT/SC increase anxiety
  • Counter control and sleep compression
  • High sleep anxiety vs high arousal
• Panic Disorder and nocturnal panic
• OCD and CBT-I

• Sleep and PTSD
• CBT-I trials in PTSD
• Behavioral targets in clients with insomnia vs PTSD
• Common treatment challenges in clients with PTSD
• Nightmares and nightmare treatments

• Comorbid TBI
  • Sleep and TBI
  • Efficacy of CBT-I in mild TBI (mTBI)
  • Modify insomnia treatment for mTBI

• Efficacy of CBT-I for those with chronic pain
• Chronic pain and stimulus control
• Common treatment challenges in clients with chronic pain
• Pain medications and other considerations

• Combined guided hypnotic taper approach
• Factors sustaining hypnotic dependence
  • Unhelpful beliefs
  • Learning
• Strategies to support client during hypnotic taper
  • Psychoeducation about psychological dependence and rebound insomnia
  • Cognitive therapy to target unhelpful beliefs
• Sample taper schedules

• Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Morbidity and mortality of OSA
    • Relationship of nocturia and OSA
    • Sleep apnea treatments
  • Obstacles to treatment adherence
    • Physical comfort
    • Mechanical problems
    • Social and other factors
    • Psychological factors
  • Improve adherence
    • Work with stages of change
    • Respond to common concerns
    • CPAP desensitization for claustrophobia
  • Treating insomnia in patients with comorbid OSA

• Using light to leverage circadian timekeeper
• ”Exogenous” circadian challenges
  • Cope with shift work
  • Adjust to jet lag
• ”Endogenous” circadian disorders: Advanced and delayed sleep phase
  • Phototherapy for delayed sleep phase

• Nightmares and nightmare disorder
  • Differential diagnosis
  • Assessment
    • Self-monitoring via nightmare log
    • Combine nightmare log and sleep diary
• Imagery Rescripting and Rehearsal
  • Psychoeducation and rationale
  • Nightmares and trauma
  • Shaping imagery skills
  • IRT steps
• Prazosin for nightmares

• Case conceptualization: Asking the right questions
  • Case Formulation Form
  • Factors weakening sleep drive
  • Factors weakening the clock
  • Evidence of hyperarousal
  • Unhelpful sleep behaviors
  • Comorbidities
• Case Examples

Target Audience

• Counsellors
• Social Workers
• Nurses
• Psychotherapists
• Psychiatrists
• Marriage and Family Therapists
• Addiction Counsellors
• Case Managers
• Other Mental Health Professionals

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